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Objective:To explore the function of epidermal growth factor 8 in the polarization of microglia after ischemic brain injury and its mechanism.Methods:Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a sham operation group, an ischemia group, a recombinant mouse milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (rmMFG-E8) group and an rmMFG-E8 + colivelin TFA group, each of 10. The middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model (tMCAO) was established in all except the sham operation group. Right after the modelling the mice in the rmMFG-E8 group were immediately injected with 2μL of 0.4μg/μL of rmMFG-E8 into the ventricle contralateral to the cerebral infarction. The rmMFG-E8+ Colivelin TFA group was injected with the same dose of rmMFG-E8 plus 2μL of 5pmol/μL colivelin TFA. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after the modelling, neurological functioning was documented using behavioral tests. The volume proportion of the cerebral infarction was observed after tissue staining on the 7th day after the operation. The gene expression levels of M1 polarization marker-induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), M2 polarization marker arginase-1 (Arg1) and mouse chitinase-like molecule 3 (YM1) in the microglia were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reactions. The protein expression levels of MFG-E8, phosphorylated signal transduction and transcription factor 3 (p-STAT3) and cytokine signal transduction inhibitor-3 (SOCS3) were determined using western blotting.Results:The behavior tests revealed significant differences between the sham operation group and the other groups on all four days. Compared with the sham operation group, the average expression of MFG-E8 gene and its protein, Arg1 and Ym1, and the SOCS3/GAPDH protein ratio had decreased significantly in the ischemic group, while the average expression of iNOS and the p-STAT3/STAT3 protein ratio had increased significantly. On the 7th day after the modelling, compared with the ischemic group, the infarct volume was significantly smaller in the rmMFG-E8 group. The average expression of iNOS and the average p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio in the rmMFG-E8+ colivelin TFA group had increased significantly compared with the rmMFG-E8 group, while the average expression of Arg1 and Ym1, and the SOCS3/GAPDH ratio were significantly lower.Conclusion:MFG-E8 promotes the polarization of M2-type microglia after cerebral ischemia through STAT3 signaling, promoting the recovery of neurological functioning.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and clinical efficacy of nasal endoscopic surgery for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP).METHODS Forty patients with CRSwNP were enrolled in this study,and were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.The experimental group were treated with VD(800 IU) plus budesonide nasal spray,and the control group was only given budesonide nasal spray for 8 weeks.Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured before and after the experiment.Lund-Kennedy score,SNOT-20 and VAS were recorded.RESULTS Eighty percent of patients had VD deficiency (＜50 nmol/L)before treatment.The difference of VD level between the 2 groups was statistically significant after treatment.There was no significant difference in the scores of olfactory disorder between the 2 groups.The scores of SNOT-20 and Lund-Kennedy scores between the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant.CONCLUSION In patients with CRSwNP,the serum vitamin D levels are generally low,the clinical supplement to patients with vitamin D can significantly increase the serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D,improve clinical symptoms and clinical effect of comprehensive treatment.
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Objective To detect the correlations of miR -106 a expression with clinical features of pa-tients with colon cancer ,and to explore the significance of miR -106 a as a prognostic factor .Methods One hun-dred and five patients with primary colon cancer were retrospectively enrolled in this study including their clinical information and slices of FFPE.miR-106a expression was detected by qRT -PCR,and analyzed the correlation between the level of miR -106a and clinical features and survival .Results The level of miR -106a in tumor tissue was higher than adjacent normal tissue (1.142 vs.0.685,P<0.001).miR-106a was correlated with TNM stage and lymphnode metastasis .The higher miR -106a expression,the poorer survival patients were .The hazard risk was increased 3.390 folds(95%CI for HR:1.028 ~11.178)when compared high expression group with the low.Conclusion The aberrant expression of miR -106a may be associated with colon cancer .It will po-tentially be a therapeutic target and prognostic factors .
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Spleen and Stomach is the central embodiment of Li Dongyuan's academic thought, which has an extensive and profound influence on the later physicians and clinical application. In this paper,based on the specific Herbal Prescription of Li Dong yuan’s Treatise on Spleen and Stomach,the use of the concept of wholism in TCM,as wel as the Thinking Characteristics of Syndrome Differentiation Dependent Therapy ,discussing the drug administer-ing characteristics of Spleen and Stomach in four aspects:the use of wind drugs,combined ascend and descend,adjusting the medication according to the climatic change of the four seasons,emphasizing dietetic therapy ,medicine and food have the same effect.Obtaining the fol owing conclusions :The Dong Yuan treatment of disease is good at starting from the spleen and stomach. Attach importance to the function of the spleen and stomach of qi activity,its legislation is rigorous, and the thought of harmony between man and nature,ect.The research is helpful to further study of Dong yuan ’s academic thought ,to provide a theoretical basis for treating spleen and stomach disease nowadays.
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Objective To explore the cognitive status of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, and to explore the involved cognitive domains, subtypes and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in ALS ( ALS-MCI).Methods Twenty-nine cases of ALS and 58 healthy volunteers were included.The severity of the bulbar and spinal functions of the patients was evaluated by the Improved Norris Scale.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition-Revised( DSM-Ⅳ-R) criteria of dementia, ALS cases were classified as demented and non-demented.For non-demented ALS cases, the common cognitive batteries evaluating mental state, verbal memory, executive, attentional and visuospatial abilities were performed.Hamilton Anxiety Scale ( HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were evaluated too.They were further classified into ALS-cognitively normal (ALS-CogNL) and ALS-MCI groups according to Petersen criteria of MCI.Risk factors possibly correlated with ALS-MCI were analyzed by comparing the differences in age, age of onset, duration of the disease, sites of onset, symptoms of bulbar and limb function between ALS-CogNL and ALS-MCI groups.Results Among 29 ALS cases, 14 (48.3% ) cases with cognitively normal( ALS-CogNL), 15 cases (51.7% ) with ALS-MCI,and none with dementia were identified.Among 15 ALS-MCI cases, 12 cases with executive dysfunction, 8 cases with memory deficits,9 cases with attention impairment and none with visuospatial impairment were found.ALSMCI cases could be further classified into three subtypes; 1 case with amnestic MCI (aMCI) ,6 cases with single domain non-memory MCI ( sdMCI), and 8 cases with multiple domains slightly impaired MCI (mdMCI).Between ALS-MCI and ALS-CogNL groups, there were significant differences (t = -2.435,- 2.576, both P ＜ 0.05) in education ((8.7 ± 2.8) years vs (11.3 ± 3.0) years) and Improved Norrisscale (bulbar score: (28.4 ± 7.7) scores vs ( 34.0 ± 3.4) scores) , however, no significant differences in sex, age, age of onset, duration,site of onset,HAMA or HAMD scores,and Improved Norris scale( spinal score) were found.Conclusions Cognitive deficits commonly exist in ALS patients.For the involved domains, executive dysfunction is the most common, deficits of attention and memory are also common, and deficit in visuospatial function is not found.The most common subtype of ALS-MCI is mdMCI.Severe bulbar symptoms and lower education may be the risk factors of ALS-MCI.
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BACKGROUND: Most cases of early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with presenilin-1 mutation, which mainly occurs in the 5th and 8th exons. Except for the onset age and family history, sporadic AD is basically the same as early-onset familial AD regarding clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics. Is its pathogenesis also related to the mutation of presenilin-1 gene?OBJECTIVE: To probe into the relationship between sporadic AD and presenilin-1 mutation.DESIGN: Case control analysis based on clinical diagnosis.SETTING: Neurology Department of the First Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University.PARTICIPANTS: Outpatients who came to the Memory Obstacle Clinic of the First Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University between April 1998 and June 2000 but without familial history of AD were selected and divided into 3 groups: [1] AD group: There were 68 cases confirmed as probable having AD according to the clinical diagnostic standard of NINCDS-ADRDA. [2] Vascular dimentia (VaD) group: There were 25 cases confirmed as probable having vascular dimentia according to the clinical diagnostic standard of NINCDS-ADRDA. [3] Normal control group: There were 20 healthy elders (spouses of some patients in the above two groups)without dimentia.METHODS: The conventional phenol extraction method was used to withdraw DNA from peripheral blood, and polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SCCP) was applied to detect the mutation of the 5th and 8th exons in presenilin-1 gene.RESULTS: All the 5th and 8th exons in presenilin-1 gene were proved to be composed of two single strands and a double strand by PCR-SCCP analysis.No abnormal electrophoresis was found, suggesting no that mutation occurred.CONCLUSION: Sporadic AD differs from familial AD in pathogenicity;mutation does not occur or seldom occurs in the 5th and 8th exons in presenilin-1 gene, thereby cannot be considered as an important causive factor for sporadic AD.